1. Prevent bed sores
Change the patient’s position at least every two hours — back, left side, right side — with pillows supporting the back and between the knees. An air mattress spreads pressure and is strongly recommended for anyone in bed most of the day.
Check the heels, hips, lower back, shoulder blades and back of the head daily. Redness that does not fade after 30 minutes is an early warning — tell your nurse or doctor.
2. Keep the skin clean and dry
Give a bed bath daily, change diapers promptly and dry skin folds well. Moisture from sweat or urine damages skin quickly. Use a mild cleanser and a barrier cream where advised.
3. Feeding and fluids
Raise the head of the bed to at least 30–45 degrees during meals and for 30 minutes after, to reduce choking and chest infections. If the patient coughs while eating or has a Ryles tube, follow the nurse’s feeding instructions exactly.
4. Keep joints moving
Gentle passive movement of the arms and legs every day prevents stiffness. A home physiotherapist can show the family a simple routine.
5. When to call a nurse or doctor
Call for help if there is fever, breathlessness, a new wound or a sore that is getting worse, reduced urine, confusion, or the patient stops eating or drinking. In an emergency, call 108 / 112.
This guide is general information for families, not medical advice. Always follow your treating doctor’s instructions. In an emergency call 108 / 112.