Key takeaways
- The bathroom is the highest-risk room — fit grab bars and use non-slip mats.
- Good night lighting between bed and bathroom prevents many night-time falls.
- Ask the doctor to review medicines that cause dizziness or drowsiness.
- Strength and balance exercises reduce fall risk significantly.
Why older people fall
Common causes include weak leg muscles, poor balance, low vision, dizziness from blood-pressure or sleeping medicines, low blood pressure on standing, frequent night-time urination, and hazards in the home such as wet floors and loose mats. A fall can lead to fractures — especially of the hip — and a loss of confidence that reduces activity further.
Bathroom
- Fit grab bars next to the toilet and in the bathing area.
- Use anti-slip mats or tiles; wipe up water immediately.
- Use a bath stool or shower chair so bathing can be done seated.
- A raised toilet seat or commode chair helps those with weak knees.
- Keep the door unlocked or use a lock that can be opened from outside.
Bedroom
- Bed height should let feet rest flat on the floor while sitting.
- Keep a lamp or switch within reach of the bed and a night light on the path to the bathroom.
- Keep a bedside urinal or commode for night use if walking is unsteady.
- Teach the person to sit on the edge of the bed for a minute before standing.
Living areas and stairs
Remove loose rugs, trailing wires and clutter from walking paths. Arrange furniture to leave clear, wide routes. Fit sturdy handrails on both sides of stairs and mark step edges with bright tape. Make sure frequently used items are kept at waist height so the person does not need to climb or bend.
Health checks that reduce falls
- Annual eye check and up-to-date glasses.
- Medicine review with the doctor, especially sleeping pills and blood-pressure drugs.
- Check blood pressure lying and standing if the person feels dizzy on getting up.
- Well-fitting footwear with non-slip soles — avoid loose chappals.
- Use a walking stick or walker if advised, at the correct height.
- Regular strength and balance exercises guided by a physiotherapist.
What to do after a fall
Do not rush to lift the person. Check for pain, bleeding, inability to move a limb or confusion. If they may have hit their head, broken a bone or cannot get up, call 108 / 112. Even if they seem fine, tell the doctor — a fall can be a sign of a new health problem.
Frequently asked questions
What is the most common place for elderly falls at home?
The bathroom and the path between the bed and bathroom at night are the most common places, due to wet floors and poor lighting.
Can exercise really prevent falls?
Yes. Regular strength and balance exercises, ideally guided by a physiotherapist, are one of the most effective ways to reduce falls in older adults.
Should an elderly person living alone have an attendant?
If they have had a fall, are unsteady or have memory problems, a day or night attendant greatly improves safety.
This guide is general information for families, not medical advice. Always follow your treating doctor’s instructions. In an emergency call 108 / 112.