Key takeaways
- Keep the urine bag below bladder level at all times — but never on the floor.
- Clean around the catheter daily with mild soap and water.
- Do not disconnect the catheter from the bag unless necessary.
- No urine for two to three hours, fever or blood in urine needs prompt attention.
Why a catheter is used
A urinary (Foley) catheter is a soft tube passed into the bladder to drain urine. It may be needed after surgery, for urine retention, for patients who are bedridden or unable to control their bladder, or during serious illness. Because the tube creates a path for germs, careful hygiene is essential.
Daily catheter hygiene
- Wash hands before and after touching the catheter or bag.
- Clean the skin where the catheter enters the body once or twice a day with mild soap and water, wiping away from the body.
- For women, always clean from front to back.
- Secure the catheter to the thigh with a strap or tape to prevent pulling.
- Do not apply powders or creams near the catheter unless advised.
Urine bag care
- Keep the bag below the level of the bladder so urine does not flow back.
- Keep the bag off the floor — hang it on the bed frame or a stand.
- Empty the bag when it is half to two-thirds full, using the bottom tap; do not let the tap touch the container.
- Check the tubing is not kinked or trapped under the patient.
- Change the bag as advised by the nurse, usually every 5 to 7 days or sooner if damaged.
Fluids and bowel care
Unless the doctor has restricted fluids, encourage the patient to drink enough water through the day — urine should look pale yellow. Constipation can press on the catheter and block drainage, so include fibre and fluids in the diet.
How often is a catheter changed?
Standard latex catheters are usually changed every two to four weeks, and silicone catheters can stay longer — up to about 12 weeks — depending on the doctor’s advice. Catheter changes should be done by a trained nurse using a sterile technique. Male and female catheterisation can be done at home.
Warning signs
- Fever, chills or new confusion in an elderly patient.
- Cloudy, foul-smelling or bloody urine.
- Pain or burning in the lower abdomen or around the catheter.
- Little or no urine for two to three hours despite drinking fluids.
- Urine leaking around the catheter or the catheter falling out.
These can indicate infection or blockage and need a nurse or doctor quickly.
Frequently asked questions
How often should a urinary catheter be changed?
Commonly every two to four weeks for latex catheters and up to about 12 weeks for silicone catheters, as advised by the doctor.
Can a catheter be changed at home?
Yes. A trained nurse can change male and female catheters at home using sterile equipment.
Why is urine not draining into the bag?
The tube may be kinked, the bag may be above bladder level, or the catheter may be blocked. Check the tubing and position; if urine still does not drain, call a nurse.
This guide is general information for families, not medical advice. Always follow your treating doctor’s instructions. In an emergency call 108 / 112.